Hindu Woman Gangraped and Poisoned to Death in Bangladesh

 Hindu Woman Gangraped and Poisoned to Death in Bangladesh

Nidhu Bhusan Das

Atrocities against Hindus continue in Bangladesh unabated with the perpetrators enjoying impunity.Now the country is in the grip of islamists who are apparently committed bringing the state under Sharia law. Hindus and other religious minorities are under attack and in constant fear in the absence of rule of law for them.The chittagong Hill Tracts newspaper today has come out with a report of a horrendous crime against a Hindu women in the country’s south-western district of Narail.Basana Mallick (46), an elected Hindu Union Parishad (UP) member, was allegedly gang-raped and poisoned to death.

Sanjoy Kumar Barua reports in the newspaper that the perpetrators not only committed the heinous crime but also recorded the assault, demanding BDT 200,000 in extortion, said the victim’s son.

Threats of further harm followed when she resisted their demands.

Basana succumbed to her injuries on early Friday at Jessore General Hospital, leaving a devastated family and an outraged community.

According to her grieving son, the tragedy unfolded on Wednesday afternoon.

While returning home after collecting supplies from the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB), Basana received a call from one Md.Rajibul, who lured her to a meeting under false pretenses of settling dues.

On arrival, she was ambushed by Rajibul, Osman Mia, and their accomplices, who gang-raped her.

The criminals later demanded a ransom and threatened to kill her if she exposed the assault, the victim’s son added.

The ordeal left Basana paralyzed by fear. She returned home but kept the nightmare hidden.

However, her health deteriorated rapidly, forcing her family to rush her to Jessore .comGeneral Hospital on Friday morning.

Dr. Bazlur Rashid, the Residential Medical Officer (RMO) at Jessore General Hospital, stated, “Preliminary findings indicate that the victim was subjected to sexual assault and forced to ingest poison.”

“Physical injuries consistent with rape were observed, and necessary forensic evidence has been collected. Traces of poison were also detected in her stomach”, he said.

“While the autopsy has been completed, a detailed analysis will depend on the findings of the viscera report”, the RMO added.

In her final moments, she recounted the brutal assault and named her attackers to her son and relatives.

Through tears, the victim’s son said, “My mother died in my arms while recounting the horrific ordeal she endured.”

“Those responsible for this brutality must face the harshest punishment—I demand they be sentenced to death”, he lamented.

Basana’s death has triggered a firestorm of anger and grief in the local community.

Relatives and neighbors condemned the rising wave of violence against minorities and the lack of accountability from authorities.

“This is not just an attack on a woman; this is an attack on the entire Hindu community,” said one distraught relative.

Despite the severity of the crime, no formal case had been filed at the time of reporting.

Law enforcement officials stated they are awaiting a complaint to initiate investigations.

This ruthless crime underscores the escalating violence and impunity against Bangladesh’s minority communities.

Santosh Paul, a local resident, said, “Our community is gripped by fear and insecurity.”

Residents have demanded the immediate arrest of the culprits and exemplary punishment to deter such heinous crimes in the future.

In the current turmoil of Bangladesh, Basana’s horrific murder has become a glaring symbol of the urgent need for comprehensive reforms to protect the lives, rights, and security of minority communities, highlighting the growing threats they face amid widespread societal unrest and rising intolerance.

Hindus Endangered in Bangladesh

 Hindus Endangered in Bangladesh. Click the video and hear the heart rending cry of a victim.

https://youtu.be/TIj5LrGufNA?si=QpgzXhRw9C38Qgte

Hindus in Bangladesh

 A Reign of Terror on

Hindus in Bangladesh

Nidhu Bhusan Das

The Hindus in Bangladesh are under attack. The security forces of the country are allegedly hand in glove with the Islamists against the largest religious minority  since the departure of Prime Minister Shekh Hasina from Ganabhawan,Dhaka under apparently unsustainable pressure on 5 August 2024 and the takeover of the reign by Dr.Mohammad Yunus.

The siruation,according to observers,is like the one that emerged in the wake of the fall of Bastille in Paris  to the mob fury on 14 July 1789.The lawlessness and reign of terror that is unleashed against the Hindus reminds one of the France post the storming and fall of the Bastille. The attck on the Hindus on 5 Novemer night in Chittagong is the latest instance of atrocities against the Hindus.It was a combined attack of security forces comprising the Army, paramilitary BGB,police and the Islamists.

The newspaper The Chittagong Hill Tracts today (7 November 2024) reported the atrocity and atrocious role of the security forces in details. Mr.Sanjoy Kumar Barua reports :Since the evening of November 5, 2024, the Bangladesh Army, along with Border Guards Bangladesh (BGB) and local police forces, have launched a violent and targeted crackdown on Hindu-majority areas in Chattogram.

Reports from victims and eyewitnesses in the region indicate that heavily armed soldiers, backed by paramilitary forces and police, have been conducting door-to-door raids in Hindu neighborhoods including Hazarigolli and its surrounding localities.

The security forces are accused of forcibly entering homes, rounding up all male residents, and taking them into custody under unclear circumstances.

In a disturbing escalation of violence, several reports claim that security personnel have also destroyed CCTV cameras to prevent documentation of the atrocities.

The crackdown followed a large-scale protest by Hindus against a Facebook post by a Muslim trader, Osman Mollah. The post, which targeted the Hindu Vaishnavite order, International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), contained derogatory remarks, calling for the organization to be declared a terrorist group. Mollah also insulted ISKCON priests and Hindus in general, demanding a ban on the organization.

In response, a group of Hindus gathered outside Mollah’s shop at a shopping center in Hazarigolli, demanding an apology. The situation escalated when the police, responding to distress calls from Mollah’s neighbors, conducted a harsh lathicharge on the protestors. This action angered some Hindus, who retaliated by throwing brickbats at the police.

At least five victims from Chittagong Medical College and Hospital (CMCH), all from the Hindu minority community, have come forward with disturbing accounts of a violent midnight raid allegedly carried out by members of the Bangladesh Army and Islamic extremists.

Speaking on the condition of anonymity, the victims described the harrowing ordeal in which their homes were forcibly broken into, subjected to brutal torture, and robbed of valuables.

According to the victims, the attackers arrived at their residences in the dead of night, forcibly smashing down doors and windows to gain entry.

The assailants, armed and threatening, then proceeded to assault them physically, with women, children, and elderly individuals among those reportedly targeted.

One victim recounted the terrifying moments: “They came in the middle of the night, broke our doors, and dragged us out. We were beaten, threatened, and had our belongings looted. There was nothing we could do.As a minority we are feeling helpless in Bangladesh.”

Over 200 Hindu men have been arrested in the aftermath of the protest. A Bangladesh Sanatan Jagaran Manch activist expressed grave concern, saying, “We fear some Hindus have been killed. Reports are emerging of radical Muslims, alongside the army and police, abducting Hindu people. We are in constant fear for our lives.”

Hindus in the port city, led by prominent religious leaders, recently held a massive rally to protest the persecution of religious minorities in Bangladesh and to demand stronger protections for their rights.

The rally, where Hindus presented an eight-point charter of demands, ignited protests across Bangladesh. The interim government and Islamic fanatics group, have strongly opposed the demands.

Key demands include a minority protection law, a dedicated Ministry of Minority Affairs with adequate funding, tribunals to prosecute perpetrators of recent attacks on minorities, and compensation and rehabilitation for victims of violence.

Other demands include the construction of places of worship for minorities in all educational institutions, prayer rooms for Hindu, Buddhist, and Christian students in college hostels, the modernization of the Pali and Sanskrit Education Board, upgrading the Hindu, Buddhist, and Christian Welfare Trusts to foundations, and a five-day official holiday for Durga Puja each year.

Recently, calls to ban ISKCON have gained traction in Bangladesh, with several individuals and groups backing the demand.

ISKCON leaders in Dhaka urged Amar Desh editor Mahmudur Rahman to apologize for his public call to ban the organization. In addition, the group “Inqilab Manch” has also called for the prohibition of ISKCON, further escalating tensions.

The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), the prominent Sanatan religious organization, has been accused of involvement in incidents of unrest, acid attacks, and assaults on law enforcement officers in Chittagong’s Hazari Lane, according to local police today.

A police case has been filed against 582 individuals, with 49 arrests made so far. Authorities are also investigating potential political motivations behind the unrest.

Chittagong Metropolitan Police (CMP) Deputy Commissioner for Crime and Operations, Roish Uddin, revealed these details during a press briefing at the Dampara Police Lines media center on Wednesday at 3:30 p.m.

However army spokesperson Lt. Col. Ferdous Ahmed briefed the media on Wednesday that joint forces have arrested 80 individuals in connection with the attack on law enforcement officers and the acid throwing incident at Hazari Lane.

Hasina, 76, fled and took shelter to India, and an interim government, led by Muhammad Yunus, was swiftly established to take her place.

Chicken Neck and the talk of a Union Territory in the North

 

Chicken Neck and the talk of a Union Territory in the North

Nidhu Bhusan Das

Partition of Bengal and creation of a Union territory in the region from Malda to Cooch-Behar is an emotive issue being talked about emotionally. Bengalis are known for being emotional and can easily be swayed emotionally when it comes to electoral politics. Statecraft is not emotion propelled but dominated by logic. If such a Union Territory is found to be necessary for the security and integrity of Indian Union, no amount of emotion and political rhetoric would be sufficient to prevent its creation. Now, is there any logic in point of security and integrity of India in carving a Union Territory in the north from West Bengal? A Union Territory (UT) is a federal territory, administered by the union government. In UTs, the central government appoints the Lieutenant Governor, who is the administrator and the representative of the President of India.

Say you have a beautiful chicken that lays an egg every day. You are aware that several times your neighbour has tried to catch hold of the chicken by its neck for his lone chanticleer (rooster) with which she stealthily mates. To protect your bird you may consider different options including keeping its neck out of the reach of your covetous neighbour.

India has a narrow stretch of land strategically located in the northern part of West Bengal. This strip of land, about 60 km long and 20 km wide, known as India’s Chicken Neck or Siliguri Corridor, connects her eight northeastern states with the rest of the country. So this corridor, the Achilles’ heel in our defence of almost 2000 kilometres of borders with China and Myanmar, is strategically important and highly sensitive.

An armed peasant revolt broke out in 1967 in Naxalbari within the corridor. Sutirtho Patranobis reported in Hindustan Times from Beijing that on December 13, 1967 a meeting took place in Beijing between Communist Party of China’s Chairman Mao Zedong and a group of Naxal leaders, led by Kanu Sanyal. In the 80-minute meeting Chairman Mao encouraged the Naxal leaders to strive for a “People’s Revolution” in India. This little-known piece of history was shared with Hindustan Times by Shanghai-based historian Li Danhui who accessed archives to find out what happened during the meeting. Why the uprising took place in the Siliguri Corridor is intriguing. It is also a matter of immense curiosity why the founder of modern China, the all-powerful Mao Zedong met the Naxal leaders and made several suggestions to them regarding what should be their revolutionary tactics.

This corridor is wedged between Bangladesh to the south and the west and China to the north. Nepal in the east and Bhutan in the west flank the corridor. The Chinese military (PLA) has to advance just 130 kms to cut off Bhutan, West Bengal and the north-eastern states of India.  It is only a gateway to the northeastern states of India but also to South-East Asia.  That this strategic location of the Chicken Neck has always been in the mind and thought of Beijing is clear from the Chinese maneuvre in Doklam in 2017.  Despite an Agreement in 2003 between India and China, Beijing’s attempts to seize de facto control over the Indo-Bhutan-Chinese region continued. It culminated in the Doklam standoff between India and China during June-August 2017.

   Doklam is located on the tri-junction of Sino-Indian-Bhutan border on the Himalayan Range. It is a disputed territory between China and Bhutan but of great strategic importance for India. It lies between Chumbi Valley, Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north, our Sikkim State to the west and Bhutan’s Haa valley and Samtse District to the east and south respectively. The approximate distance between Doklam and Siliguri Corridor is only 80 kms.

With China continuing road and airstrip construction activities on its side of the border, the threat to the Chicken Neck is a constant one, as the infrastructure could allow China to mobilise rapidly in the region, say defence analysts. What India needs to worry about is saving its Chicken Neck from China. China claims 90,000 square kilometres of territory in the north-east. This menacing stance of the dreaming neighbour has been a constant threat to the Siliguri Corridor.

Strategically, the Siliguri Corridor is precisely the point where China could hit in case of an escalating conflict. In case of such an eventuality, China could change the entire status quo along the LAC and put India under tremendous pressure.

Now as part of defence preparedness vis-à-vis Beijing’s expansionist stance, New Delhi cannot but focus on the protection of the corridor. Defence analysts are of the view that widening and strengthening this corridor is imperative. The first option for India is to enter into a treaty with Bangladesh permitting not only transit of military equipment during times of conflict but also civilian traffic and trade activities. This would add a layer of strategic depth in the region and alleviate (in some measure) concerns of the possible severance of the north-east from the mainland.

The treaty can cover multi-modal transport including road and rail and a smooth movement of freight and personnel. With the revival of Bimstec India’s relations with Bangladesh have seen a fillip, with seven pacts on important mutual issues signed between Dhaka and New Delhi. India and Bangladesh have already mooted a proposal to facilitate transit with India’s landlocked north-east and PMs of both countries have issued joint statements in this regard in 2010 and 2016.

Currently, there is a joint working group which is examining the possibility of connecting Mahendraganj in Meghalaya to Hili in Bengal through Goraghat, Palashbari and Gaibandha in Bangladesh. This distance of about 100 km could easily be developed into an elevated road and rail corridor through Bangladesh.

Other infrastructure development measures are likely to be in place. Military infrastructure will be developed exponentially and along with it economic and social infrastructures may be overhauled. Overall, the region will see such a flurry of development that the stigma of backwardness will wither away. All such things in such a strategic location can,perhaps, best be made possible under a central administration.

 

 

 

Truth is the Casualty in Politics

 

Truth is the Casualty in Politics

Nidhu Bhusan Das

 

Fudging the truth is a standard practice in politics.Hitlers Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels said, “Repeat a lie often enough and it becomes the truth.”Goebbelian prescription is almost unwaveringly followed in politics. The neologism ‘post-truth’ refers to the phenomenon those facts a less influential in shaping public opinion than appear to emotion and personal belief. Politicians indulge in cool calculations before embarking on action and play upon the emotion of the targeted audience to win support.  In the process truth gets clouded and deception creeps in.

Lying is a moral epidemic. When politics in infested with lies, we fall victim to distortion of facts, disinformation and post-truth. Diane Komp, Yale Medical School physician and best-selling author in his book “Anatomy of a Lie” probes the human soul to uncover the causes of our lies.

Sheikh Hasina, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh and Ms Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister of West Bengal are exalted persons. Indian media on the first day of her official visit of India attributed to Sheikh Hasina the statement that Hindus in Bangladesh would be hundred percent safe during the ensuing Durga Puja. If this attribution is correct, the implication is that Hindus in Bangladesh are not usually safe.

In an interview with ANI, the Bangladeshi PM said, "As long as we are in power, we always give importance to the minorities and I always tell them that you are our citizens. You should own our country. Some incidents do take place at times but we take immediate action. Sometimes unwanted situations are created but you know very well it is not only Bangladesh, even in India sometimes minorities suffer." I tend to believe and would feel exalted could the contention of Sheikh Hasina been taken for granted and had she not fudge the truth which is often accepted in greater mutual interests. Diplomatic parlance is replete with euphemism.

Let us see what the state of the Hindus in Bangladesh is. Poet and columnist of Bangladesh Sohrab Hassan said: “In the country where violence is done with impunity, the religious minority can never think they are safe.” I stress the word ‘impunity’ here lies the crux of the problem.

The religious minority Hindus and their places of worship are often attacked and the community have often fallen victim to communal violence in the country of 169 million. Silent migration from the country is relentless and the Hindu population has dwindled to less than 9 percent. This year the Durga Puja was jeopardized following widespread violence by the Islamists. Such incidents are not new.  Impunity is encouraging for habitual offenders and new offenders.

A seminal book by Professor Abul Barkat of Dhaka University, Inquiry into Causes and Consequences of Deprivation of Hindu Minorities in Bangladesh through the Vested Property Act, published in 2000 shows that the largest beneficiary of Hindu property transfer in the past 35 years of Bangladeshi independence were people belonging to Awami League (the wolves-in- sheep’s clothing).They grabbed 44.2 per cent of the land. Other grabbers are affiliated with BNP (31.7%), Jatiya Party (5.8 %), Jamat-e-Islami (4.8%) and others (13.5%). The greatest appropriation of Hindu property took place immediately after independence during the first Awami League government (1972–75) and during the first period of rule of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (1976-1980). The confiscation of the land broke the economic backbone of the Hindus. So, migration of the Hindus is the natural consequence.

 

 Chief Minister Ms. Mamata Banerjee government contended in an affidavit at Calcutta High Court that no Dearness Allowance (DA) for the state Government employees is outstanding. Is it true? The High Court will decide. The opposition said it is a blatant lie. If the affidavit is based on truth, the issue of outstanding DA must be false. Should we be allowed to suffer from infodemic?

 

Lame Duck Opposition in Bengal

 

Politics of Secret Alliance in Bengal

Lame Duck Opposition in Bengal

                          Nidhu Bhusan Das

We are already familiar with the portmanteau Bengali word ‘Bijemool’, a satiric combination of the names of two political parties BJP and Trinamool Congress. Before the end of the Left Front rule in West Bengal, a reference to the fruit ‘tarmuj’ was in vogue in the political discourse in the state. Tarmuj referred to those Congress people who were perceived to be in league with the ruling Left Front. Tarmuj is deep green outside and red inside. Those congress people, though bearer of the banner of Congress, were thought to be secretly in alliance with the Left (red).People of Bengal saw many bloody street fights between the supporters of the two political outfits but it was widely believed in the bipartisan political spectrum of the time that the perpetuation of the Left rule for thirty-four years in the state was possible because of a behind-the-screen-alliance between Congress and the Left. This perception paved the way for fiery Mamata Banerjee to become a reliable opposition leader who could win the support of a major chunk of Congress people and form the Trinamool Congress. While Congress bled, Trinamool Congress gained in strength and vibrancy. Now Congress, a weakling, is in open alliance with the Left, another weakling, in the state.

The people of the state are unlikely to be inspired at the tacit alliance of the BJP, and Trinamool Congress will definitely continue to harvest the maximum electoral benefit in case the Congress-Left alliance, though difficult, cannot become the reliable alternative.

 The state BJP has, so far, been a lame duck opposition with little cohesion in the leadership and its rank and file. No comprehensive movement against the corruption being unearthed by probe agencies could be launched throughout the state, and a few Nabanna Abhijans cannot win the heart of the people. Perhaps BJP think if they can flood Kolkata with supporters from a few districts, they will win the elections and be able to unseat Trinamool Congress. This is like building castle in the air. They must have organization at the grassroots level to fight tooth and nail against the onslaughts of the ruling party, to protect their workers and supporters in rural Bengal and be in sustained movement against corruption popularizing the idea of good governance which the people of West Bengal have not seen since decades.

 The state leadership miserably failed to protect the party supporters when the post-poll violence erupted after the 2021 Assembly election results had been out. The leaders including state party President Mr. Dilip Ghosh having Z category security remained out of touch while the hapless supporters were hounded out of their hearths and homes, many were injured and killed.

BJP won 18 Loksabha seats in 2019 in the state because people spontaneously voted for the party wherever they could against the ruling party. If the party think the state unit and the then state unit president deserve credit for the spectacular performance, they may still live in a make-believe world, far away from reality.BJP in the state appears to be pompous and garrulous  without any understanding of the  needs, desires, aspirations and dream of the common people  across the demography. If they continue to live in the make-believe-world, doom and back to the irrelevance of pre-2019 days is their fate.

Unlike in other states, BJP in West Bengal cannot accommodate new people from other formations and backgrounds. The old-new conflict proved costly for them in 2021 and the same prevails as they are reluctant to learn from experience. People from other political backgrounds are scared of migrating into BJP because of the insularity of the party in the state.

If quick remedial measures are not taken having the hopes and aspirations of the common people in mind, exodus of voters from the party is the most likely consequence.

 

Land Grabbing is the Prime Motive for Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh

 

Land Grabbing is the Prime Motive for Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh

Nidhu Bhusan Das

Incidents of persecution of minorities (Hindus) in Bangladesh is on a steep rise. More than 79 Hindus have been killed in the last six months and more than 800 Hindus injured or threatened to be killed. This has made it “extremely” difficult for Hindus to live in that country and Hindu organisations in Bangladesh are asking for help from both India and the Sheikh Hasina government.

“In Bangladesh, what we are witnessing is a silent persecution of the minorities (Hindu) and it is spread across the country, from killings, to death threats to attempt to murder, to forced conversion and land grabbing and even raping of Hindu women, while the government here turns a blind eye. The government here has even instructed the media not to report incidents involving the persecution of Hindus. There is targeted and organised crime against Hindus in this country and sometimes it feels like we must have done something extremely wrong in our past life to have been born a Hindu in Bangladesh,” Pradip Chandra, a Bangladeshi Hindu working for Hindu rights in Bangladesh, told The Sunday Guardian. The statement points to the failure of the government to protect the right to life and property of the Hindus and the secular credential of the country. To consider Bangladesh a secular state is ironical,isn't it?

The Hindu population of Bangladesh fell by 0.59 percentage points to 7.95% in 2022 from 8.54% in 2011, reports Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).

The 2022 census shows Muslim population increased by 0.60 percentage points to 91% from 90.4% in 2011, while Buddhist population fell marginally by 0.01 percentage points to 0.61% from 0.62% in 2011.

Over the past 50 years, the total population of the country has more than doubled, but the Hindu population in the country has decreased by around 7.5 million (75 lakh) compared to what it should have been based on their percentage at the time of independence of the country. The number of Buddhists, Christian and persons of other religions has remained more or less constant.

The 2022 census report mentioned two factors contributed to the fall of Hindu population: the first and foremost is outward migration of Hindu population meaning that they are leaving the country, and the second is lower fertility rate among Hindus.

The Hindu population in Bangladesh has dwindled progressively since independence in 1971. It is a fact that population of Bangladesh is on the increase and a reverse trend is evident in case of the Hindus. Not that the birth rate has decreased and mortality rate scaled up among the Hindus. Then what could be the reasonable cause for the unnatural / unbiological decline of the second largest population of the country which fought for independence from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan with the avowed pledge to establish a secular state based on a linguistic-cultural nationalism rooted in the Language Movement of 1952?

The plausible answer is Bangladesh could split off from Pakistan but could not forsake the heritage of religious persecution. The heritage may be traced to the Noakhali Genocide of 1946 which made the Hindu persecution so pronounced. British historian Yasmin Khan in her prize winning book The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan  tells us at least 5,000 Hindus were massacred, hundreds of Hindu women raped and thousands forcibly converted to Islam; many more fled to India. Even Mahatma Gandhi’s peace mission to Noakhali failed to quell the atrocities which continued unabated during his stay. Gandhi left Noakhali, urging the Hindus there to “Quit Noakhali or Die” (NY Times. 8 April 1947).The same template of persecution is perpetuated by the Islamists in Bangladesh.

What Gandhi said proved prophetic. Even after the emergence of Bangladesh, the Hindu population dwindled from 13.5% in 1974 to 8.96% in 2011, a nearly 33% decline. This suggests the prevalence of a deeply anti-Hindu environment in the country. Besides, on the eve of the second anniversary of victory in the Bangladesh Liberation War for tenable reasons the general clemency for the Islamist collaborators was announced. This paved the way for their rehabilitation and propagation of Islamist ideology vis-a-vis the nascent secularism in Bangladesh.

True, the Constitution adopted by the Constituent Assembly in 1972 made Bangladesh a secular democratic republic. The fundamental rights enshrined in the third part of the constitution,inter alia, promises equality before law, no discrimination on grounds of religion, right to protection of law, protection of  right to life and personal liberty and freedom of religion. The noble constitutional provisions could not come to the rescue of the Hindus because matching actions were not taken. In contravention of the    non-communal provisions of the new constitution, they retained the anti-Hindu Enemy Property Act of Pakistan and rechristened it as Vested Property Act in 1974.Bangladesh Government thereby vested itself with the “enemy” properties previously seized since the 1965 Indo-Pak War and continued to use the discriminatory law to confiscate the land owned by the Hindus.

Approximately 1.2 million Hindu families, or 44% of all Hindu households, have been affected by Enemy/Vested Property Act. Hindus have been dispossessed of more than 2 million acres of land. Even after the Restoration of Vested Property Act passed in 2001, land encroachment involving Hindu land has continued but mostly during BNP governments. Subsequent amendments of the original constitution made the religious minorities including Hindus second class citizens and encouraged atrocities against the Hindus.

A seminal book by Professor Abul Barkat of  Dhaka University, Inquiry into Causes and Consequences of Deprivation of Hindu Minorities in Bangladesh through the Vested Property Act, published in 2000 shows that the largest beneficiary of Hindu property transfer in the past 35 years of Bangladeshi independence were people belonging to Awami League They grabbed 44.2 per cent of the land. Other grabbers are affiliated with BNP (31.7%), Jatiya Party (5.8 %) Jamat-e-Islami (4.8%) and others (13.5%). The greatest appropriation of Hindu property took place immediately after independence during the first Awami League government (1972–75) and during the first period of rule of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (1976-1980). The confiscation of the land broke the economic backbone of the Hindus. So, migration of the Hindus is the natural consequence.